The comparison and analysis of blood antioxidant levels in alcohol and drug addiction

Background: According to recent research, the brain exhibits substantial neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as a result of long-term alcohol and drug consumption. A series of intracellular oxidative reactions result from the development of alcohol and drug dependency, which is mostly linked to hazardous chemicals damaging brain cell membranes. Researchers came to the conclusion that patients' plasma activity of key enzymes involved in antioxidant defense is altered while they are intoxicated or withdrawing. A comparison of the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of individuals with alcoholism and drug addiction is particularly interesting in this regard. 

Methods: The two main enzymes of the first line of defense against oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, were examined in the present study as responsible antioxidants. To this end, people suffering from alcohol and opioid dependence, the most prevalent drug types in our area, between the ages of 25 and 50 were chosen. Two categories of patients were included in the study: (1) patients who were alcohol addicted and either intoxicated (20 patients) or in withdrawal (20 patients); and (2) patients with drug dependence: 20 patients in an intoxication state and 20 patients in withdrawal. For each group, tests for plasma catalase and SOD were performed. 

Results: Compared to individuals who are alcohol-dependent, opioid-dependent patients have more evident plasma redox values and much higher catalase activity. The investigated antioxidant enzymes' activity during withdrawal is lower in both patient categories than intoxication, while being greater than in the control group.

Conclusions: There are a few significant traits that these diseases have in common. In all cases, patients have an activation of the studied antioxidant enzymes, which in turn means an imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant status as part of the pathogenesis.