Mapping psychedelic retreats and other practices in the EU

Background: In recent years, signs of a rapid increase in practices involving the use of psychedelic substances for a range of therapeutic and self-development purposes outside of the clinical sphere have been noted in Europe. These practices, sometimes called ‘psychedelic retreats‘ or psychedelic ceremonies and psychedelic circles, operate in distinct ways, from ‘shamanistic’ rituals to clinical settings imitations. The scope of the spread of these practices across Europe remains unclear so far, and related legal and health risks posed to their users are still poorly understood.
Methods: The scoping study undertaken by the EMCDDA aims at carrying out a first exploration of settings outside the clinical sphere which claim to offer treatment and/or wellness therapies and where the use of psychedelics is a central part of the practice. The aims are met by collecting and analysing data from the Reitox network of National Focal Points and questionnaires to key experts from research and practice, in combination with desk-based research. 
Results: The study explores the range of existing practices and their key characteristics. The findings present a first attempt to draw a typology of existing practices that supposedly involve the use of psychedelics for therapeutic or self-development purposes in Europe.
Conclusion: The initial mapping improved the awareness of these practices in the EU. However, a follow-up study exploring these practices is needed to improve the understanding of health or other risks, as well as the needs of the participants.