Prevalence of substance use in Austrian prison systems

Background
Compared to the general population, people in prison are more likely to use substances. This leads to higher infection rates and a lower life expectancy. While prevalence data is available from many countries, structured surveys on drug use in prison are missing in Austria. However, in order to provide adequate addiction medical care in prisons and measures, information on the frequency and type of substance use is necessary.The aim of this work is to record the prevalence of substance use disorders and (illegal) drug consumption in the Austrian penal system and prison system. A European-wide established questionnaire and urinary toxicological studies are used to collect data.
Methods
The methodology of this cross-sectional study follows the guidelines of the European Questionnaire on Drug Use in Prison (EQDP) to compare national data with other EU countries. In addition, a reference date prevalence of substance use in the largest prison in Austria is collected using drug urine screening.
Expected Results
Prisons usually have a negative impact on the health of drug users, but they also offer the potential for addiction medicine interventions. In line with surveys from other European countries, high prevalences of legal and illegal substance use are also expected in Austria. 
Conclusions
Initially, statistical surveys are necessary in order to subsequently develop guidelines and interventions for the enforcement measures and support. This allows adapted treatment options to be developed for people in prison and awareness of harm reduction strategies to be promoted. Targeted addiction prevention before, during and after imprisonment is also essential in order to achieve a sustainable improvement in addiction medical care throughout Austria.