Psychosocial Factors Affecting Drug Relapse Among Youth in Pakistan

ABSTRACT
Psychosocial Factors Affecting Drug Relapse among Youth in Pakistan
Background: Drug addiction among youth in Pakistan has reached alarming proportions, with significant relapse rates hindering recovery efforts. This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial factors impacting relapse among youths (18-25 years old) undergoing drug rehabilitation in Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data was collected through self-report questionnaires assessing social support, self-efficacy, personality traits, and stigma perception. Qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions exploring relapse triggers and coping mechanisms. Participants (n=100) were recruited from rehabilitation centers across Punjab.
 Results:
• Quantitative findings: Low social support, limited self-efficacy, high neuroticism, and negative stigma perception were significantly associated with increased relapse risk. Conversely, high conscientiousness served as a protective factor.
• Qualitative findings: Recurring themes revealed strong links between relapse and triggers such as:
o Social pressure: Peer influence, negative social environments, and lack of alternative social engagement.
o Emotional distress: Unmanaged stress, anxiety, and depression triggered cravings and escape tendencies.
o Lack of resources: Limited access to post-treatment support, employment opportunities, and financial stability increased vulnerability to relapse.
Interpretation: Psychosocial factors play a crucial role in drug relapse among youths in Pakistan. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions is essential for sustainable recovery. Interventions should focus on:
• Enhancing social support: Building supportive networks, family counseling, and peer support groups.
• Boosting self-efficacy: Skills training, relapse prevention education, and building self-confidence.
• Addressing mental health: Integrating mental health treatment into rehabilitation programs and providing access to psychological support.
• Combating stigma: Raising awareness, promoting positive attitudes towards recovery, and reducing social exclusion.
• Promoting social reintegration: Facilitating access to education, employment opportunities, and financial assistance.
Future Directions: Further research is needed to explore the specific cultural and socio-economic factors influencing relapse in different Pakistani contexts. Longitudinal studies investigating long-term outcomes of psychosocial interventions for relapse prevention are also crucial.