Risks and harms associated with online gaming and gambling

The Pompidou Group has been mandated under the 2023-25 Work Porgramme to address challenges related to online addictions. In this context, the Expert Group on Online Addiction, with experts from 14 member States and the WHO, has produced a detailed report on risks and harms associated with online gaming and gambling, specifically the excessive and addictive nature of online video games and gambling, now recognised as mental disorders by the World Health Organization. This presentation aims to share some of the main conclusions of this report.

Online gambling and gaming present a plethora of risks and harms spanning physical and mental health, relationships, work and educational performance, and financial stability. These issues, coupled with significant economic burdens, underscore the urgent need for intervention. Beyond addiction, challenges include cyberbullying, cybersecurity threats, and the blurring lines between gambling and gaming. Prevalence rates of problem behaviors vary across demographics, with males and younger individuals at higher risk. The development of these issues is influenced by activity characteristics, individual traits, and environmental factors. Both industries employ persuasive design to enhance immersion, contributing to addiction. A concerning trend is the convergence of gambling and gaming, targeting minors with gambling elements in video games. Regulation is lacking, particularly in the gaming industry, with existing measures often ineffective. Financial interests often supersede social responsibility efforts. Regulation faces obstacles due to global market dynamics favoring lenient jurisdictions. While data collection holds promise for early intervention, its efficacy remains unproven. Effective treatment modalities, like cognitive behavioral therapy, exist but long-term effectiveness is uncertain. Prevention efforts, especially targeting adolescents, are crucial and should be comprehensive and theory-based. However, their effectiveness for online platforms needs further study. Stakeholder involvement is key for successful interventions, spanning user groups, families, policymakers, and industry players. Research quality is lacking, necessitating more rigorous studies to guide policy and intervention. Technological advancements constantly challenge existing frameworks, requiring adaptable monitoring systems. Cooperation between industries is vital for effective harm reduction and prevention. Tailored approaches are necessary, recognizing individual differences while striving for international harmonization. Addressing the evolving landscape of online gambling and gaming requires a multifaceted approach involving research, regulation, prevention, treatment, and industry collaboration. Prioritizing efficient measures across all levels is crucial to mitigate harms to individuals and reduce societal costs associated with addictive behaviours in the digital age.