Psychosocial Factors Affecting Drug Relapse Among Youth in Pakistan

ABSTRACT

Psychosocial Factors Affecting Drug Relapse among Youth in Pakistan

Background: Drug addiction among youth in Pakistan has reached alarming proportions, with significant relapse rates hindering recovery efforts. This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial factors impacting relapse among youths (18-25 years old) undergoing drug rehabilitation in Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data was collected through self-report questionnaires assessing social support, self-efficacy, personality traits, and stigma perception. Qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions exploring relapse triggers and coping mechanisms. Participants (n=100) were recruited from rehabilitation centers across Punjab.

 Results:

• Quantitative findings: Low social support, limited self-efficacy, high neuroticism, and negative stigma perception were significantly associated with increased relapse risk. Conversely, high conscientiousness served as a protective factor.

• Qualitative findings: Recurring themes revealed strong links between relapse and triggers such as:

o Social pressure: Peer influence, negative social environments, and lack of alternative social engagement.

o Emotional distress: Unmanaged stress, anxiety, and depression triggered cravings and escape tendencies.

o Lack of resources: Limited access to post-treatment support, employment opportunities, and financial stability increased vulnerability to relapse.

Interpretation: Psychosocial factors play a crucial role in drug relapse among youths in Pakistan. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions is essential for sustainable recovery. Interventions should focus on:

• Enhancing social support: Building supportive networks, family counseling, and peer support groups.

• Boosting self-efficacy: Skills training, relapse prevention education, and building self-confidence.

• Addressing mental health: Integrating mental health treatment into rehabilitation programs and providing access to psychological support.

• Combating stigma: Raising awareness, promoting positive attitudes towards recovery, and reducing social exclusion.

• Promoting social reintegration: Facilitating access to education, employment opportunities, and financial assistance.

Future Directions: Further research is needed to explore the specific cultural and socio-economic factors influencing relapse in different Pakistani contexts. Longitudinal studies investigating long-term outcomes of psychosocial interventions for relapse prevention are also crucial.