The use of music in context of chronic pain treatment : a scoping review

Background and objectives

Chronic pain is often treated through the prescription of opioid medications. Their long-term use involves risks of dependence, overdose and worsening of mental health issues, while failing to address the psychological needs often concomitant with chronic pain. It is important to develop non-pharmacological interventions that take into account the physical and psychological needs of people who experience chronic pain. Literature suggests that music listening and practice are promising non-pharmacological strategies, as they facilitate emotional regulation and the management of depressive and anxious symptoms. Some studies also suggest that music can reduce the intensity of chronic pain, sometimes to a point that the need for opioid medications is diminished.

In order to guide the development of non-pharmacological, music-based interventions, this study aimed to document the physical and psychological effects of different forms of music-based interventions in the context of chronic pain treatment. 

Methods

A scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was conducted in nine databases. Studies reporting the effects of music-based interventions on chronic pain or concomitant emotional or psychological conditions in the context of treatment were included in the analysis.

Sixty-four studies were identified. Results suggest several benefits of musical interventions on chronic pain and concomitant issues. In particular, those that consider the individual’s musical preferences, encourage the development of self-management skills, autonomy, and patient engagement in treatment appear to be the most effective. Our review also highlights that despite the promising efficacy of music-based interventions in the context of chronic pain treatment, this type of interventions remains poorly applied in services designed for this population. Hence, this study supports the relevance of exploring the applicability of such interventions. 

Results 

The scientific literature suggests that music-based interventions are accessible, adapted, easily applicable, appreciated by patients and healthcare professionals, and beneficial for people who experience chronic pain. In coherence with the need to intervene from a global perspective, research also supports that music benefits at times physical and psychological well-being. 

Conclusions

These results will help healthcare providers and interveners develop knowledge about music-based interventions that contribute effectively to the treatment of chronic pain. Our results could also guide the development of adapted music-based interventions and their implementation in healthcare and psychosocial services designed for people with chronic pain, while contributing to a better management of opioid medications.